3: What is the plan 3-2-3

Natural forests are said to have high underground water retention capacity and purification ability because of their excellent diversity of habitat for the surface and underground organisms. Niseko Town relies on springs for many of its water resources, it is very important that natural forests around the water resources be preserved.
Niseko Town's natural forests are declining. To protect abundant water resources, it is necessary to conserve natural forests by avoiding large-scale clear-cutting and conducting small-scale selective logging.

• Measures to achieve goals and emphasis

1. We will grasp the actual condition of natural forest.
2. We will conclude conservation agreements with natural forests with owners. → 【Priority Measures】
3. We will establish a forest conservation ordinance of undeveloped forest around the source.
4. Avoid large-scale clear clearing.

• Target value: Conservation area of ​​natural forests = (Established in FY 2004)
• Measures for achieving targets and action items by subjects

• Note 4: "Environmental Master" =Niseko Town from among the people, appointed the people who are working with more people and interest in the various problems of the environment, appropriate advice and environmental action on a variety of environmental problems of Niseko The idea is to get support for

• Indicator as background of target value A = Trend of area of ​​natural forest and artificial forest (graph)

• Natural forests continue to decline year after year, and opportunistically, the number of artificial forests is increasing. Total forest total area is decreasing steadily.

　Soil organisms inhabiting forests have their own nutrients by decomposing and decomposing fallen leaves and fallen branches. By such activities of soil organisms, fine particles of soil combine to form large particles, gaps are formed between them, and aggregates like sponges are formed. This gap absorbs rainwater, has a "green dam" function that helps to level out the flow to the river and so on to prevent floods and alleviate drought. The green dam also plays a role of suppressing outflow of topsoil and nutrients and preserving the water quality of the basin. In order to maintain these functions, we must nurture the forest itself.

• Measures to achieve goals and emphasis

1. We promote afforestation of multilayered forests.
2. Promote the forest industry.
3. We will promote recycling of thinned timber and forest products. → 【Priority Measures】

• Target value: Afforestation area = private forest 3,879 ha, paved forest 241 ha (target year: Heisei 44 years)

Measures for achieving targets and action items by subject

• Target value: area of ​​afforestation and forestry improvement

= Private forest (including town-owned forest) 3,879 ha, Paved forest 241 ha
(From “ Niseko Town Forest Improvement Plan” target year: 2032)

• Indicator as background of target B = Transition of forestry workers [graph]

In the village of Niseko Town, the problems associated with lack of care have surfaced in various forms in recent years, as in many parts of the country. In the future, efforts will be made to take into account not only secondary forests but also the surrounding farmland and irrigation ponds, especially the lifestyle and culture of the entire area, including riverside forests along rivers flowing through satoyama. Comprehensive measures such as an active approach are required.

• Satoyama Familiar coppices and other forests with human hands are called `` satoyama '', but they occupy a considerable part of the country's land. It is also a place for collection. Vegetation types, living and production activities, cultural backgrounds, etc. of satoyama vary depending on the area, but most of them refer to secondary forests with a natural level of 7 (Note: see chart). There are many places mainly in forests. Niseko Town there are satoyama in the village of Ikoino, Yasho Shrine, around Tadashi Monument, around Mt. Yotei, and behind a farmhouse.

Conservation and nurturing of satoyama requires a mechanism to combine ownership, management and use to some extent, and involvement of local communities in the vicinity.
In addition, since satoyama is maintained by various involvement by human society, there is created and continued the habitat environment of various organisms created by the relation between nature and human beings. It is also one of the important functions of Satoyama to make the database of this diverse wildlife habitat as a database by nature observation and to preserve them.

• Measures to achieve goals and emphasis

1. We will grasp the actual situation of satoyama and deepen its awareness about its role.
2. We will promote afforestation project etc. of satoyama by 100 years forest concept.
3. We will promote model project of restoring satoyama by town participation.
4. We will preserve the riverside forest of Satoyama in topography and ecosystem.
5. We will create a mechanism for the utilization of satoyama and appropriate management management. → 【Priority Measures】
6. I will create a lifestyle that is familiar to satoyama.

Note 8: "Riverside forest" = forest along the river basin. A forest of a small mountain stream such as a tributary is said to be a river forest. The riparian forest plays a big role for the basin ecosystem, such as the shade of the bankside forest regulates the temperature of the water to improve the habitat of the fish, and insects falling from the leaves etc. feed on the fish living in the deep It plays.

• Target value: Number of satoyama recognized sites = 10 places or more

• Measures for achieving targets and action items by subject

In addition to the function of recharging the groundwater downstream, paddy fields have the function of converting nitrogen, such as ammonia and nitric acid, dissolved in water into nitrogen gas by microorganisms in the soil. In this regard, paddy fields where paddy rice is cultivated and flooded fallow rice fields have a positive effect on the water cycle. However, in Niseko Town, the area of cultivated cultivated land in paddy fields is decreasing, and the recharge function of groundwater seems to be declining.
According to the soil diagnosis, the field soil of Niseko is characterized by low pH, excessive potash component, and lack of lime. Looking at the domestic demand of fertilizer indispensable for soil making by ingredients, although phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium repeat increasing and decreasing numbers, although they are decreasing overall as a whole, in developed countries, Japan continues to follow the Netherlands It is at a high level. Phosphorus has the property of being adsorbed by the clay in the soil, but as for nitrogen, there is no function like paddy field in the field, so as the amount of fertilizer increases, the nitrogen discharge load to the river basin increases, It will contaminate the water quality.
As for the use of pesticides, herbicides have been on a downward trend, but insecticides, fungicides, disinfectants have been increasing in recent years. Among developed countries, the amount of pesticide use per area of ​​cultivated land in Japan is higher than the Netherlands.
Niseko Town, the Niseko Rice Production Association is a registered group of the “Northern Clean Agricultural Products Labeling System” promoted by Hokkaido, and is working on the production of reduced pesticide rice under the “Hokkaido Anshin Label” certification. In addition, since 2000, some farmers have been trying to reduce the use of pesticides by combining weeds and herbs in paddy fields and weeding using natural ecosystems. We are also studying the possibility of cultivating pesticide-free potatoes and vegetables, and we are working to create a system for promoting environmentally friendly clean agriculture that reduces the burden on the environment.

• Measures to achieve goals and emphasis

1. We will promote reduction of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer, aiming for clean agriculture. → 【Priority Measures】
2. Prevent groundwater contamination.
3. We will consider using idle fields or abandoned farms effectively as part of the surface water system.
4. We promote proper disposal of agricultural waste.

• Target value: Number of farmers participating in local production and local consumption by clean agriculture = (Established in FY 2002)

Measures for achieving targets and action items by subject

• Note 9: The "Revised JAS Law" = "Law Concerning the Standardization of Agricultural and Forest Products and Quality Indicator (JAS Law)" was revised. Since the spring of 2000, it became impossible to display ambiguous labels like organic farm products as in the past, indication based on certification was mandated.
• Note 10: "Klein Garten" = the citizen farm which was originally German. In Japan, Klein Garten based on the "Law for Promotion of Civic Farm Development", revised in 1990, is beginning to spread all over the country.
• Note 11: "Biotope" means a place with wildlife coexisting and co-prosperous ecosystem. Originally, it meant the minimum space unit of the natural world where living things can live, but recently it has become wider and can be caught as a place where conservation, creation and restoration of the human habitat space by human hands was conserved. It is also attracting attention as a place for environmental education.

• Indicator as the background of the target value C = Trend of the management area of ​​paddy field and field (graph)

Improper treatment of livestock manure or sewage can contaminate nearby rivers and groundwater. In order to prevent such a situation, pH * 12, BOD, COD (Note 13), SS (Note 14), the number of E. coli groups, nitrogen and phosphorus emission standards have been established by the Water Pollution Control Law.
Niseko Town, we have been actively developing livestock composting facilities to prevent environmental pollution from livestock urine wastewater. In fiscal 2014, almost all livestock farmers will be upgraded. In addition, a “composting center” will be developed to compost the livestock manure discharged from livestock farms, kitchen waste (garbage) and sewerage sludge from households.

Note 12: "pH" = "Hydrogen ion concentration index" It is a measure showing the degree of acidity or alkalinity. For neutral water Ph is 7, acidic solution is smaller than 7, alkaline solution is between 7 and 14.
Note 13: Also referred to as "COD" = "chemical oxygen demand", the amount of oxygen consumed when chemically oxidizing contaminants (mainly organic substances) in water is represented by the corresponding amount of oxygen I did it. It is similar to BOD in that water becomes more polluted as this value is larger, but when pollution load to flowing water such as river is to be obtained, BOD is a main index, and staying time such as lakes / sea areas is long COD is a main indicator in the water system.
Note 14: "SS" is also called "floating substance amount". It is a small suspended substance suspended in water that causes turbidity of water. There is a harmful effect such as obstructing the photosynthetic action of aquatic plants by killing the gill in the fish and killing it or blocking permeation of sunlight.

• Measures to achieve goals and emphasis

1. Prevent wastewater from livestock manure etc from flowing into rivers and groundwater.
2. We will develop a system to compost feces of domestic animals. → 【Priority Measures】
3. We will recommend proper management of compost houses.

• Target value: town composting ratio of livestock waste = 100%

Measures for achieving targets and action items by subject

• Indicator as the background of target value D = Composting rate of livestock waste (graph)

Individual treatment septic tanks treat human waste, but do not treat wastewater (kitchen and bath wastewater). One of the main causes of river soiling is this daily wastewater. Therefore, the dissemination of merger treatment septic tanks that treat wastewater drainage together also plays a major role in reducing the environmental impact on water circulation.
In the town, in order to promote the improvement of the merger treatment septic tank, since "Foundation of merger treatment septic tank installation improvement project subsidy guidance" has been established from FY 2000, we will promote merger treatment septic tank utilizing this is needed.

• Measures to achieve goals and emphasis

1. Promote the introduction of merger treatment septic tank. → 【Priority Measures】
2. We will review lifestyle on domestic wastewater.

• Target: Merger septic tank maintenance radix = 100 (until FY 2004)

Measures for achieving targets and action items by subject

• Indicator which is the background of target value E = Achievement status of laying of merger septic tank (graph)

The percentage of the population that is treated for both night soil and domestic wastewater is called the “domestic wastewater treatment rate”. This ratio indicates the degree of no pollution load on the river basin. Comparing this domestic wastewater treatment rate with Niseko Town and Hokkaido as a whole and the national average, the delay in the maintenance of domestic wastewater treatment facilities (sewers and merged treatment septic tanks) in Niseko Town is noticeable up to the stage of 1993. The challenge is to increase the domestic wastewater treatment rate and keep the environmental impact on the water cycle low.
Niseko Town, a specific environmental conservation public sewer has been newly developed for the city center, and has been in service since 2000. As a result, the domestic wastewater treatment rate in Niseko Town can be improved from 22% in 2000 to 95% in 2011, the target year for planning. Here, while sharing ideas for domestic wastewater treatment, we aim to improve the overall domestic wastewater treatment rate by increasing the rate of flushing using public sewerage.

• Measures to achieve goals and emphasis

1. We will improve water washing rate by public sewer system.
2. We will reduce the purification burden of sewage treatment.
3. We will promote the reuse and saving of domestic wastewater. → 【Priority Measures】
4. We will clean the roads etc.

• Target value: water washing rate (population ratio) = 85%

Measures for achieving targets and action items by subject

• Indicator as the background of the target value I = Population by treatment form of domestic wastewater

According to the questionnaire survey in 2000, the satisfaction rating of the townspeople concerning the riparian environment remained at 64.4 with a perfect score of 100, which is a relatively strict evaluation. In this background, there seems to be a townspeople conscious that we feel that the view of the waterside, easy accessibility, water quality, water volume, etc. are not very good. In this background, there are few lifestyles such as playing on the waterside or taking a walk, the number of rivers that are difficult to approach due to concrete seawall construction, etc. has increased, the river has become a stormy river landscape, domestic wastewater and agricultural wastewater There seems to be circumstances such as the fact that the influx increased and the water became dirty, the forest decreased and the amount of water became less.
In order to change such a situation, it is the starting point that we live in the area more familiar to the waterside, be sensitive to the river and change. Specific activities of wanting to improve the waterside familiar from the usual will be born out of such a hydrophilic activity.

• Measures to achieve goals and emphasis

1. We will develop programs for various hydrophilic activities.
2. We promote the townspeople's hydrophilic activities. → 【Priority Measures】
3. I will consider the symbiosis and hydrophilization of irrigation grooves and wastewater baits.
4. In order to make use of the observation result of the water environment by the hydrophilic activity for environmental improvement, we will make rules of river use.
5. We promote the activities of various NPOs and residents' groups concerning hydrophilic activities.
6. We will prepare an environmental education program to introduce hydrophilic activities for comprehensive learning.

• Target value: Number of participants in hydrophilic activities = 1,000 people in total,

Hydrophilic base designation Number of maintenance parts = 3 or more

Measures for achieving targets and action items by subject

• Indicator as the background of the target value G = Town consciousness of the townspeople seen in the questionnaire survey

Comparing the point discharge of the Shiribetsu River upstream of Niseko Town with that of the downstream area, data at any point shows that the discharge has been decreasing for almost 30 years. Above all, the downward trend in the lower basin (Nakoma-cho, Rankoshi-cho) is larger than the declining trend in the upper basin (Kimobetsu site), probably because it is largely influenced by the factors in the meantime. Niseko Town change in the flow rate of in the region is reflected in the difference between the Kutchan point and kelp point, but in the range for the fiscal 1 to 3 year, Niseko Town you can see that the flow rate in is not so much to increase or decrease.

• Note 15: "Flow rate" refers to the volume of water flowing through a cross section at a certain point of a river within a unit time. Factors affecting the flow rate of rivers include diverse causes such as rainfall, changes in the recharge function due to changes in forest such as logging, inflow from water source intake, tributary flow, drainage by agriculture and industry, It will be considered.

Looking at the measurement results on water quality (Note 16), Niseko Town since between the two measurement points in has spread city, the difference between the two data of Furong Bridge and Makkari Bridge water pollution load from the city, It is possible to roughly understand that. Both pH and DO do not change significantly, and it appears that there is almost no pollution load. However, the BOD is slightly higher at Makkari Bridge, and the influence from the upper Makkari River can be seen. The SS is, upstream region Kimobetsu town Aikawa Bridge and the Niseko Town in addition to the value in the Furong bridge is high, as the whole as closer to the estuary, we value increases. Spills of mud, domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, etc., cause riverbed devastation and significantly alter river ecosystems. Above all, it is expected that salmon, trout and other falling fish will be adversely affected.

• Note 16: Indicators for evaluating "water quality" include pH (hydrogen ion concentration), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), SS (suspended solids), DO Oxygen amount) and so on. In particular, when pollution loads on running water such as rivers are to be determined, BOD is used as a main indicator, and COD is used as a main index for water systems with long residence time such as lakes and sea areas.

Protecting the river's water leads to protection of the environment of living creatures and products living in the basin. For that purpose, we need to observe various wildlife that inhabits the basin of rivers etc. from usual, and pay attention to such changes. Changes in water quality are more sensitive to wildlife habitat than to instrument data.
The observation results will be maintained as a database of the water environment, and will be used in measures to preserve the life of all living creatures, including humans, who live in the basin. In the Shiribetsu River System, it is necessary for related municipalities to form a network over a wide area from the upstream part to the downstream part of Niseko Town, and to promote the creation of a system for conservation and utilization, including conservation ordinances over a wide area.

On the other hand, illegal dumping of garbage from inside and outside the town will not fail. Illegal dumping is carried out by choosing a place where people can avoid eyes, so river basins and others are the subjects of the dress. Illegal dumping around rivers can cause water pollution and contamination by the entry of garbage. In the town, we are trying to prevent illegal dumping in cooperation with the police, but from now on, various efforts are required over a wide area, such as creating further mechanisms to prevent illegal dumping and reforming awareness.

• About Hokkaido Shinkansen construction project plan

Concerns over rivers and groundwater volume and quality have been pointed out at the construction of the Hokkaido Shinkansen that passes through Niseko Town. According to the "Hokkaido Shinkansen Environmental Impact Assessment Report" shown in January 2002, 93% of the approximately 20.1 km of Niseko Town is a tunnel.
Drainage accompanying tunnel construction is discharged to rivers near the mouth, but in the routes in the town, the influence on the water quality of the Rubeshve river and Makikawa river is assumed. In addition, it is pointed out that tunnels may affect aquifers of groundwater, etc. The risk of depletion of plentiful underground water (assuming 300,000 cubic meters / day of spring water at the foot of the mountain) at the foot of Mt. Niseko Mountain and Mt. Yotei I must worry about sex. Besides that, various problems such as concern of soil contamination when the tunnel penetrates the mineralization alteration zone containing heavy metal type soil are pointed out. As for these issues, solutions are proposed by appropriate technical countermeasures and establishment of a review committee by experts and others, but our townspeople also have to think about these issues together with relevant organizations and solve problems.

• Measures to achieve goals and emphasis

1. We will keep improving water quality of the Shiribetsurikawa and its tributaries.
2. We will try to preserve and restore riparian forests and forest with fish. → 【Priority Measures】
3. We will conduct wide-ranging educational activities inside and outside the town that will not do illegal dumping to the waterfront.
4. In order to preserve the water purification function, conserve the natural ecosystem of the river basin.
5. We will grasp the actual condition of wildlife living in the watershed ecosystem and take conservation measures.
6. We will encourage relevant organizations to minimize the influence on the groundwater and rivers caused by the tunnel construction of the Hokkaido Shinkansen which is expected to pass through the town.
7. In order to advance general conservation measures of the Rishirigawa river system, we will cooperate widely with other municipalities in the basin.

Target value: Water quality (BOD value) = average 0.5 or less throughout the town

Measures for achieving targets and action items by subject

• Note 17: "Wise youth": refers to an attempt to experience the value of nature environmentally, to experience and learn its value, and to use natural environmental resources diversely and wisely

• Indicator which is the background of target value H = flow rate at observation point

• Index as the background of target value I = Water quality at observation point

Up to now, rivers have been straightened, concrete revetments, and river crossing structures such as sabo dams, intake dams, and head works (Note 18) have been developed mainly for the purpose of allowing floods to flow quickly. I have come. The tributary of the Shiribetsu River, which flows through the Niseko Town area, has a steep slope of more than 25 degrees near the upstream reflecting the steep terrain, so such artificial river maintenance has been especially implemented. There are also four sabo sites. For this reason, the nature around the river is reduced, and it has deprived diverse habitats and breeding grounds of the creatures, and also impeded the purification of river water.
In addition, river crossing structures with large head drops have an effect on the uphill of descending fish such as salmon, which has resulted in inhibiting material circulation of reducing nutrients from the ocean to the land.
In recent years, river improvement by the multifaceted construction method (Note 19) has been promoted. We will consider the townspeople as the subject, what kind of construction method is best, and restore the environment close to the natural river while introducing more nearly natural construction method is required.

• Note 18: "Fall head": It is a facility for crossing a river, such as a sabo dam, to set a head and adjust the movement of earth and sand and water.
• Note 19: "Natural-type construction method": In consideration of the living things and growth of living creatures in rivers, making water bays such as sea and abyss, keeping vegetation by covering concrete with soil, and loose fish way of head Or combine natural materials, we call a revetment construction method aiming at a state close to nature. Recycling construction works are becoming increasingly multifaceted, but research and development of construction method and information gathering are necessary.
• Measures to achieve goals and emphasis

1. We will investigate the actual condition of ecological system and revetment construction method covering the entire basin and formulate a plan on how to improve according to regional characteristics. → 【Priority Measures】
2. I will fix the sabo dam with a big head drop to a small headgear.
3. Secure the fishway, securing migratory fish upstream in all rivers.
4. Remove concrete tension on the riverbed, remove the revetment by three concrete tiles, restore it to a state close to a natural river.

• Target value: Number of rehabilitation refuges near nature = 3 or more

• Measures for achieving targets and action items by subject

• Target value: area of ​​afforestation and forestry improvement

= Private forest (including town-owned forest) 3,879 ha, Paved forest 241 ha
(From “ Niseko Town Forest Improvement Plan” target year: 2032)

The topography of the river basin and the natural vegetation of the riparian and riparian forests are the basic conditions for landscapes that reflect regional characteristics. Of Shiribetsu River Niseko Town basin in, that because many has become a river terraces ※ 20, has maintained a generally inaccessible terrain, such as many of the trees (willow shrubs mainly riparian forest and Ezo Itaya over linden communities Together with the vegetation covered by the sloping green area, it creates a highly natural landscape. Many tributaries, such as the Makkari River and the Kombu River, mostly flow through rural areas. While these tributaries retain the essence of natural rivers in harmony with the fields, the weaving of a variety of landscapes, including artificial rivers whose ecosystem has been completely transformed by concrete revetment.
The landscape is also heavily influenced by the surrounding land use. The land around the river in Niseko Town is mostly used as agricultural land and forest area, except for part of the area around the urban area, and the Niseko-like water and green river landscape is not impaired by each factor of urban area and agricultural land Various considerations are necessary.

• Note 20: "River bank terrace" = the terrain which is stair-like along the river's flow path.
• Measures to achieve goals and emphasis

1. We will prepare a comprehensive land use plan. → 【Priority Measures】
2. We will establish a Landscape Ordinance and set out a basic policy regarding the landscape of the river basin.
3. We will prepare guidelines concerning conservation and creation for each landscape component.
4. We will hold an event to discover the landscape you want to preserve.

• Target value: Number of discovered places of the landscape to be preserved = about 100

Measures for achieving targets and action items by subject